GERENCIAMENTO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS NO PONTAL DO PARANAPANEMA: ESTUDO A PARTIR DO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL SĂO BENTO MIRANTE DO PARANAPANEMA SĂO PAULO BRASIL

Título

lista de autores

FRANCIELLE GARCIA MARTINS

Resumo

A PARTIR DA REVOLUÇĂO VERDE O MODELO AGRÁRIO-EXPORTADOR SE CONSOLIDA NO BRASIL TORNANDO-O UM DOS MAIORES CONSUMIDORES MUNDIAIS DE AGROTÓXICOS. SUBSTÂNCIAS ESTAS RELACIONADAS Ŕ DEGRADAÇĂO AMBIENTAL E Ŕ SUSCETIBILIDADE DE POPULAÇŐES ŔS INTOXICAÇŐES E VARIADAS DOENÇAS. DESSA FORMA OS AGROTÓXICOS GERAM COMO MAIS UM IMPACTO AMBIENTAL POTENCIAL AS EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS. TAIS EMBALAGENS DE ACORDO COM A LEI 9.974 DE 2000 DEVEM TER DESTINAÇĂO FINAL AMBIENTALMENTE ADEQUADA A PARTIR DA LOGÍSTICA REVERSA QUE É GERENCIADA PELO INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PROCESSAMENTO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS (INPEV) FORMADO ENTRE OUTROS POR FABRICANTES DE AGROTÓXICOS. DE ACORDO COM O INPEV 94% DAS EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS GERADAS TEM DESTINAÇĂO FINAL ADEQUADA SEJA POR MEIO DA RECICLAGEM OU INCINERAÇĂO. PORÉM O SISTEMA E ESTRUTURA GERIDO PELO INPEV FACILITA A DEVOLUÇĂO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS DE PRODUTORES RURAIS CAPITALIZADOS TENDO O PEQUENO AGRICULTOR FAMILIAR MAIORES DIFICULDADES PARA A DEVOLUÇĂO DAS MESMAS. NESSE SENTIDO A PRESENTE DISSERTAÇĂO DE MESTRADO TEM COMO OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL ANALISAR O GERENCIAMENTO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS E DIFICULDADES ENFRENTADAS POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES PARA A DEVOLUÇĂO NA REGIĂO DO PONTAL DO PARANAPANEMA A PARTIR DO ESTUDO DE CASO JUNTO A PRODUTORES RURAIS NO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL SĂO BENTO COMPOSTO POR 182 LOTES NO MUNICÍPIO DE MIRANTE DO PARANAPANEMA. PARA TANTO REALIZOU-SE TRABALHOS DE CAMPO EM UNIDADES DE RECEBIMENTO DE PARAGUAÇU PAULISTA BILAC E ADAMANTINA EM REVENDEDORAS DE AGROTÓXICOS EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE E ÁLVARES MACHADO NA SECRETARIA DE MEIO AMBIENTE DE MIRANTE DO PARANAPANEMA NO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL SĂO BENTO EM MIRANTE DO PARANAPANEMA EM QUE SE ATINGIU AMOSTRA DE 11% DOS ASSENTADOS. ROTEIROS DE ENTREVISTAS FORAM ELABORADOS E AS MESMAS FORAM DESENVOLVIDAS JUNTO A ESSES ATORES. A PARTIR DAS ENTREVISTAS E TABULAÇĂO DOS DADOS E INFORMAÇŐES PÔDE-SE CONSTATAR QUE 75% DOS AGRICULTORES NĂO REALIZAM A DEVOLUÇĂO DAS EMBALAGENS E 73% DELES QUEIMAM AS MESMAS. ESSE CENÁRIO É EXPLICADO PELA AUSĘNCIA DE AÇŐES DOS AGENTES REGIONAIS RESPONSÁVEIS PELA LOGÍSTICA REVERSA DAS EMBALAGENS BEM COMO DO INPEV. PORTANTO AÇŐES MAIS INCISIVAS PRECISAM SER DIRECIONADAS AOS PEQUENOS AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES PARA QUE OS MESMOS NĂO ESTEJAM EXPOSTOS AOS RISCOS E IMPACTOS QUE O DESCARTE INADEQUADO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS PODE CAUSAR.

Abstract

IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING THE GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE HUMANS PROMOTE CHANGES IN LAND USE AND CONSEQUENTLY CHANGES IN THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE WHICH GENERATE NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SUCH AS AN INCREASE IN SOIL EROSION RATES SEDIMENT YIELD AND SURFACE RUNOFF AT THE WATERSHED OUTLETS ESPECIALLY WHEN THE VEGETAL COVER IS REDUCED OR ELIMINATED. THESE IMPACTS ARE OBSERVED IN SĂO DOMINGOS STREAM WATERSHED LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTA CRUZ DO RIO PARDO IN SĂO PAULO STATE WHICH HAS UNDERGONE URBAN EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL USE SINCE THE 1970S. IN THIS CONTEXT THIS THESIS AIMS TO ANALYZE THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE CHANGES IN THIS WATERSHED SINCE THE 1960S AND IN FUTURE USE SCENARIOS IN THE CONFIGURATION OF EROSION PROCESSES SEDIMENT YIELD AND SURFACE RUNOFF BY MEANS OF MODELING AS A SUBSIDY TO THE URBAN AND RURAL LAND USE PLANNING. AIMING THIS OBJECTIVE THE FOLLOWING STEPS WERE NECESSARY: TO CHARACTERIZE THE PAST AND CURRENT LAND USES TO SIMULATE FUTURE SCENARIOS TO SURVEY CHARACTERIZE AND MAP THE SOILS OF THE STUDY SITE TO ADJUST THE INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY (IDF) EQUATION TO BE USED IN HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES TO PERFORM EROSION AND HYDROLOGIC MODELING TO ANALYZE THE LAND USE PLANNING AND SOIL PARCELING INSTRUMENTS OF THE MUNICIPALITYżS MASTER PLAN AND TO PROPOSE THE NECESSARY CHANGES IN ORDER TO REDUCE RUNOFF AND FLOOD HAZARD IN THE WATERSHED. THE METHODOLOGY WAS BASED ON THE PRODUCTION OF LAND USE MAPS FOR THE YEARS 1962 1984 2004 2018 AND LAND USE ADEQUACY TO CURRENT FOREST LAWS ON SEMI-DETAILED SOIL SURVEY AND THE COLLECTION OF RAINFALL DISCHARGE AND SEDIMENTOMETRIC DATA WHICH SERVED AS THE BASIS FOR THE MODELING. THE SPATIAL ALLOCATIONS OF FUTURE LAND USE SCENARIOS WERE SIMULATED BY THE DYNA-CLUE MODEL. THE MODELING OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD AT THE BASIN OUTLET WAS PERFORMED BASED ON THE WATEM/SEDEM MODEL AND THE HYDROLOGICAL MODELING WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE HEC-HMS PROGRAM USING THE US SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE CURVE NUMBER METHOD. THE TIME SERIES OF LAND USE MAPS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO UNDERSTAND THE AGRICULTURE MODERNIZATION PROCESS THAT STARTED IN THE 1970S THE DECLINE OF COFFEE PLANTATIONS THEIR REPLACEMENT BY PASTURES AND FARM CROPS DEDICATED TO AGROINDUSTRY OR EXPORTATION BESIDES URBAN GROWTH. FUTURE SCENARIOS 1 TO 4 SHOWED THE SPATIAL ALLOCATION OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AS WELL AS THE INCREASE OF COMMODITIES CULTIVATED FIELDS IN DIFFERENT INTENSITIES WHEREAS SCENARIOS 5 AND 6 REPRESENTED PRODUCTIVE SPECIALIZATIONS IN FOREST PRODUCTION AND CATTLE BREEDING RESPECTIVELY. THE EROSION MODELING SHOWED A REDUCTION IN SOIL LOSS AND SEDIMENT YIELD AT THE WATERSHED OUTLET FROM 1962 TO 2018 AND AN EVEN GREATER REDUCTION IN THE SCENARIOS 5 AND 6 AND IN AN ADEQUACY TO FOREST LAWS (FL) IF COMPARED TO THE BASE YEAR 2018 DUE TO CROP SYSTEMS EVOLUTION AND THE ADOPTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES. THE INCREASE OF THESE RATES IN SCENARIOS 1 TO 4 IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GROWTH OF FARMLANDS AND URBAN AREAS OVER PASTURES. THE HYDROLOGICAL MODELING DEMONSTRATED THE RUNOFF INCREASE FROM 1962 TO 2018 AND IN THE FUTURE SCENARIOS 1 TO 4 AND ITS REDUCTION IN 5 6 FL AND MODERN URBAN DRAINAGE SCENARIOS. FINALLY IT HAS BEEN VERIFIED THAT THE URBANISTIC COEFFICIENTS OF OCCUPANCY RATE AND PERMEABILITY RATE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RURAL ZONING ESTABLISHED BY THE MUNICIPALITYżS MASTER PLAN HAVE ALLOWED AN URBANIZATION INCREASE AND LAND PARCELING FOR RECREATIONAL FARMS ON THE WATERSHED PERIMETER AND THEY HAVE INCREASED THE INTENSITY OF FLOOD EVENTS WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY THE HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATIONS THAT REPRODUCED THOSE CONDITIONS. GIVEN THIS FACT AN ALTERNATIVE MUNICIPALITY ZONING AND LAND USE GUIDELINES PROPOSAL WAS DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO CONTROL SURFACE RUNOFF ON THE STUDY SITE.

Palavras Chave

AGROTÓXICOS

LOGÍSTICA REVERSA

EMBALAGENS VAZIAS DE AGROTÓXICOS

AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES

ASSENTAMENTO RURAL SĂO BENTO

Key Words

PESTICIDES

REVERSE LOGISTIC

EMPTY PACKAGING OF PESTICIDES

FAMILY FARMERS

SĂO BENTO RURAL SETTLEMENT

Tipo

MESTRADO

Universidade

UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO ( PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE )

Data

2019

Páginas

156

Localização

FCT UNESP.

uri

https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=8225084

Orientador

ANTONIO CEZAR LEAL

Programa

GEOGRAFIA

Sigla Universidade

UNESP-PP

Área de Concentração

PRODUÇĂO DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO

Língua

Português

email

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