REUNIFICAÇÃO E EVOLUÇÃO RECENTE DOS DESEQUILÍBRIOS REGIONAIS NA ALEMANHA (reunification and recent evolution of regional imbalances in Germany)
Abstract
O artigo analisa a evolução, entre 1995 e 2006, dos
desequilíbrios regionais na Alemanha, ou seja, menos de um
ano após a reunifi cação alemã de (03/10/1989). O exemplo alemão é
bastante expressivo já que integrou a antiga República Democrática
Alemã, constituída no modelo comunista, à República Federal da Alemanha,
constituída no modelo capitalista. Os desequilíbrios regionais
resultam, historicamente, dos processos econômicos, sociais, políticos e
culturais que benefi ciam determinadas regiões em detrimento de
outras. Com base em dados da União Européia (EUROSTAT),
foi calculado o índice de Williamson que mede os desequilíbrios
regionais. A Alemanha, dividida em Estados, tem baixos índices de
desequilíbrios regionais e isto tem sido estável no período analisado.
Os desequilíbrios aumentam quando se divide a Alemanha em unidades
menores. Destacando a comparação somente com base na renda per capita, a
mesma representa, na parte leste, cerca de dois terços da parte
oeste e a diferença aumenta bastante quando se analisam os dados
por níveis territoriais menores. Assim, a Alemanha tem ainda um grande
desafi o, o de reduzir estrategicamente seus desequilíbrios
regionais em todas as escalas do seu território nacional.
Palavras-Chave: Reunifi cação, desequilíbrios regionais, Alemanha, índice de williamson, PIB per capita.
ABSTRACT
The
paper analyzes the evolution between 1995 and 2006 of the regional
imbalances in Germany, i.e. after the German reunifi cation of
October 3, 1990. The German example is quite expressive since it joined
the former German Democratic Republic, constituted in communist
model, to the Federal Republic of Germany, constituted in the capitalist
model. Regional imbalances result, historically, of the economic,
social, political and cultural processes that benefi t some regions
over others. Based on data from the European Union (EUROSTAT), we
calculated the index that measures Williamson regional imbalances.
Germany divided into States has low rates of regional imbalances and
this has been stable during the period. Imbalances increase when
Germany is divided into smaller units. Highlighting the
comparison only on the basis of per capita income, it represents,
in the eastern part, about two-thirds of the west. Disparities
of income per capita also greatly increase when the data are
analyzed by smaller territorial units. Thus, Germany still has a
big strategic challenge to reduce its regional imbalances in all scales
of their national territory.
Key words: Reunifi cation, regional imbalances, Germany, Index of williamson, GDP per capita.
RÉSUMÉ
L’article
analyse l’évolution des déséquilibres régionaux en Allemagne, entre
1995 et 2006, c’est à dire après la réunification allemande de
03/10/1990. L’exemple allemand est particulièrement expressif, car il
s’agit de l’intégration de l’ancienne République Démocratique
Allemande constituée sur un modèle communiste, à la République
Fédérale Allemande, constituée elle sur un modèle capitaliste. Les
déséquilibres régionaux résultent, historiquement, des
processus économiques, sociaux, politiques et culturels qui bénéfi
cient des régions déterminées aux dépens d’autres régions. Sur la
base des données de l’Union Européenne (EUROSTAT), nous avons calculé
l’indice de Williamson qui mesure les déséquilibres régionaux.
L’Allemagne, divisée en États, présente de faibles indices de
déséquilibre régional et cette situation s’est maintenue stable
pendant toute la période analysée. Par contre, les déséquilibres
augmentent lorsque l’on divise l’Allemagne en unités plus petites.
Ainsi, considérant à peine le revenu per capita, on observe dans
l’est, des valeurs équivalant aux deux tiers des valeurs du côté
ouest et cette différence augmente signifi cativement lorsque l’on
analyse les données pour des territoires plus petits. L’Allemagne fait
donc face à un grand défi , celui de réduire stratégiquement ses
déséquilibres régionaux à toutes les échelles de son territoire
national.
Mots- Clés: Réunifi cation, déséquilibres régionaux, Allemagne, indice de williamson, PIB per capita.
DOI:10.4215/RM2010.0920.0002
Keywords
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant MERCATOR the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to sign additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Free Access).
- Authors are responsible for the content of the manuscript published in the journal.



