Territórios do candomblé: a desterritorialização dos terreiros na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia
Resumo
O ponto de partida deste artigo foi a compreensão de que os
processos de territorialização, desterritorialização e
reterritorialização sofridos pelos Terreiros de Candomblé de Salvador
são recorrentes ao longo da sua existência, notadamente com relação à
sua espacialização na cidade. A origem dessa religião brasileira, criada
a partir de uma agregação de diversas estruturas litúrgicas africanas, é
fruto de uma estratégia de sobrevivência bem sucedida dos negros
africanos desterritorializados, trazidos para o Brasil na condição de
escravos. O culto, de identidade própria, se distribui pela cidade sob a
forma de Terreiros - sua forma de assentamento característica - e
apresenta domínios territoriais demarcados através de simbolismos
territoriais. Apresenta variações no espaço urbano, visíveis em
temporalidades determinadas por relações sociais, e é constantemente
submetido a processos de segregação que caracterizam a cidade. Dessa
forma, a pesquisa buscou, como objetivo principal, analisar a situação
dos terreiros na cidade, na condição de produtores do espaço,
evidenciando os continuados processos de desterritorialização de sua
espacialização e funcionamento; esclarecer sua condição de territórios
contínuos; e indicar a existência e a necessidade, para a manutenção do
culto, dos territórios descontínuos - matas, lagoas, manguezais e áreas
naturais, de uma forma geral, que se apresentam cada dia mais escassos
na cidade. Para tanto, após o levantamento de dados em pesquisa
bibliográfica, utilizou-se, como recursos metodológicos, o preenchimento
de um banco com dados primários sobre as casas, a partir da aplicação
de questionários a membros qualificados das comunidades, seguida de
realização de entrevistas com a finalidade de obtenção de dados
esclarecedores da situação das casas de candomblé na cidade. Tal análise
indicou uma projeção de que essa forma de assentamento vem sofrendo, em
Salvador, uma visível transformação do modelo originalmente implantado
na cidade, conciliando a dinâmica de reprodução inerente ao culto com a
possibilidade de reprodução dentro dos grandes centros urbanos,
incluindo as relações econômicas e sociais envolvidas, que influem
decisivamente nessas novas territorialidades.
Abstract
This paper shows that the territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization experienced by the Terreiros de Candomblé (Areas of Worship) are recurrent, especially when their spacialization within the city is taken in consideration. This Brazilian religion, which aggregates several African liturgical structures, is the result of a successful strategy of survival of the African blacks, who had gone through deterritorialization and were brought to Brazil as slaves. The cult, with its own identity, was scattered all over the city under the form of Terreiros, its characteristic of settlement, whose territorial domains were delimited by territorial symbolism. Its urban dimension presents variations, whose visible temporalities were determined by the social relationships that were constantly submitted to the segregation processes that characterize the city. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the situation of the Terreiros in the city, focusing on their status of dimension producers, showing the ongoing processes of deterritorialization of their space and operation. It also intends to call attention to the importance of the discontinuous territories for the cult preservation, namely woods, lagoons mangroves and natural areas, which are becoming scarcer all over the city. To carry out the research, after the data survey based on a bibliography research were collected, the methodological resource used was to fill out a database with primary data on the candomblé houses, based on questionnaires answered by the qualified community members, followed by interviews to obtain data to visualize the situation of the candomblé houses in the city. This analysis showed the projection that this form of settlement peculiar to the region being studied has gone through in the city of Salvador a visible transformation of its model that was originally implemented in the city. A model that conciliates the dynamics of reproduction inherent to the cult with the possibility of reproduction within the major urban centers, including the economic and social relationships involved, which have a strong influence on the new territorialization.
Abstract
This paper shows that the territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization experienced by the Terreiros de Candomblé (Areas of Worship) are recurrent, especially when their spacialization within the city is taken in consideration. This Brazilian religion, which aggregates several African liturgical structures, is the result of a successful strategy of survival of the African blacks, who had gone through deterritorialization and were brought to Brazil as slaves. The cult, with its own identity, was scattered all over the city under the form of Terreiros, its characteristic of settlement, whose territorial domains were delimited by territorial symbolism. Its urban dimension presents variations, whose visible temporalities were determined by the social relationships that were constantly submitted to the segregation processes that characterize the city. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the situation of the Terreiros in the city, focusing on their status of dimension producers, showing the ongoing processes of deterritorialization of their space and operation. It also intends to call attention to the importance of the discontinuous territories for the cult preservation, namely woods, lagoons mangroves and natural areas, which are becoming scarcer all over the city. To carry out the research, after the data survey based on a bibliography research were collected, the methodological resource used was to fill out a database with primary data on the candomblé houses, based on questionnaires answered by the qualified community members, followed by interviews to obtain data to visualize the situation of the candomblé houses in the city. This analysis showed the projection that this form of settlement peculiar to the region being studied has gone through in the city of Salvador a visible transformation of its model that was originally implemented in the city. A model that conciliates the dynamics of reproduction inherent to the cult with the possibility of reproduction within the major urban centers, including the economic and social relationships involved, which have a strong influence on the new territorialization.
Palavras-chave
Candomblé; Salvador; Território; Espaço urbano; Desterritorialização / Territory; Urban space; Deterritorialization
Texto completo:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/1984-5537geo.v2i2.3038
GeoTextos. ISSN
eletrônico: 1984-5537
ISSN
impresso: 1809-189X