GEOMORFOLOGIA E NEOTECTÔNICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO APODI-MOSSORÓ – NE/BRASIL (geomorphology and neotectonics of the Apodi-Mossoró river basin - NE/Brazil)
Abstract
O presente trabalho propõe analisar a geomorfologia
da bacia hidrográfica do rio Apodi-Mossoró, Nordeste do Brasil, bem
como seus principais aspectos morfotectônicos. No âmbito desta bacia, a
neotectônica é responsável pela reativação de antigas estruturas
tectônicas e pela geração de novas falhas, as quais condicionam
processos geomorfológicos lineares e areolares. Tais processos são
evidenciados principalmente no controle estrutural da drenagem,
dissecação, terraceamento, agradação, coluvionamento e em deformações
nos depósitos sedimentares quaternários. Na planície do baixo curso do
rio Apodi-Mossoró, a análise da deformação neotectônica e suas
repercussões na rede de drenagem, possibilitou a identificação de
falhas, estruturas de deformação, em sedimentos incoesos, e anomalias de
drenagem correlacionáveis com os principais sistemas de falhas
regionais. Tais falhas exercem controle na deposição de sedimentos
quaternários e possuem direção NE-SW e NW-SE. As mesmas também exercem
controle sobre a drenagem produzindo anomalias na forma de cotovelos e
segmentos lineares entre trechos sinuosos. Os dados indicam que esta
conformação é compatível com os modelos neotectônicos regionais
anteriormente propostos, que contemplam deslocamentos transcorrentes
resultantes do atual campo de tensões (compressão máxima de direção
NW-SE), no qual se insere a área de estudo.
Palavras-chave: Geomorfologia, Neotectônica, Sistema de drenagem.
ABSTRACT
This
research proposes an analysis regarding the geomorphology of the
Apodi-Mossoró river basin – state of Rio Grande do Norte and its main
morphotectonic aspects. In this basin’s scope, neotectonics is
responsible for the reactivation of old tectonic structures and
generation of new faults, which control linear and areolar
geomorphological processes. Such processes are mainly marked in the
drainage structural control, erosion and terracing, aggradation and
colluvial deposition and in sedimentary deposits’ deformations. In the
lowlands, within the Apodi-Mossoró river’s lower course, a neotectonic
deformation analysis and its repercussions in the drainage network made
it possible to identify faults, deformation structures in incohesive
sediment and drainage anomalies, which correlate with the main regional
fault systems. These anomalies in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions denote
the drainage structural control expressed in the form of drainage elbows
and linear segments between sinuous stretches, as well as the control
of Quaternary sediment deposition. The data which resulted from this
research indicate that this conformation is compatible with the regional
neotectonic models previously proposed, witch contemplate strike-slip
movements resulting from the present day stress field (α1 NW-SE) in
which is inserted the study area.
Key words: Geomorphology, Neotectonics, Drainage system.
RÉSUMÉ
Cet
article propose une revue sur la géomorphologie du bassin
Apodi-Mossoró, situé au Nordeste du Brésil, ainsi que des ces principaux
aspects morphotectoniques. Dans ce bassin, la néotectonique est
responsable pour la réactivation d’anciennes structures tectoniques et
pour la génération de nouvelles failles, aussi bien que pour la
définiton des processus géomorphologiques linéaires et aréolaires. Ces
processus sont principalement observés au niveau du contrôle structurel
du drainage, de la dissection, du terrassement, de l’alluvionnement, des
dépôts colluviaux et de la déformation des dépôts quaternaires. Dans la
plaine du cours inférieur de la rivière Apodi-Mossoró, l’analyse de la
déformation néotectonique et de son impact sur le système de drainage a
permis l’identification des failles et de déformation en structures
sédimentaires friables, en plus d´anomalies de drainage en corrélation
avec les principaux systèmes de failles régionaux. Ces sytèmes, de
direction NE-SW et NW-SE, contrôlent le drainage, tout en
produisent des anomalies dans la forme de coudes et des segments
linéaires en portions meandriques. Les systèmes contrôlent aussi le
dépôt de sédiments quaternaires. Les données indiquent que cette
conformation structurelle est compatible avec les modèles précédemment
proposés pour la néotectonique régionale, qui comprennent les
déplacements transcurrent résultants du champ de stress actuel
(direction de compression maximale NW-SE) dans lequel se insère la zone
d’étude.
Mots clés: Géomorphologie, Néotectonique, Système de drainage.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2012.1124.0013
Keywords
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