O DISCURSO HIGIENISTA DEFININDO A CIDADE (the hygienist discourse defining the citie)
Abstract
Ao longo do século XIX, as teorias médicas neohipocráticas que
localizavam a doença no meio natural ou construíido, influenciaram
normas de comportamento e a organização das cidades. Os Tratados de
Higiene Pública, que orientaram a legislação e as práticas
administrativas, propunham medicalização do espaço e da sociedade. As
topografias médicas, levantamentos das características físicas, sociais,
econômicas e culturais dos lugares, constataram que as concentrações
urbanas eram os ambientes mais doentios, do conflito e da desordem.
Urbanistas progressistas e culturalistas, influenciados pelo discurso
médico e social elaboram projetos de cidades utópicas, cidades salubres e
« justas », que se tornaram referência para os reformadores do século
XIX. Outra constatação é que as epidemias não respeitavam fronteiras
políticas nem classe social, o que gerou a organização de Conferências
Internacionais de Higiene Pública, visando salvaguardar os indivíduos
contra as doenças e garantir a liberdade do comércio internacional.
Palavras-chave: Cidade, Higiene Pública, Topografias Médicas, Teorias Contagiosa e Miasmática.
ABSTRACT
Throughout
the nineteenth century, the medical theories concerning neohipocráticas
lesmaladies located in the natural environment and artificial, have
influenced standards of behavior and organization of cities. The
treaties of public health, who guided the legislation and administrative
practices have led to the medicalization of space and society. The
Medical Topography , surveys on the physical, social , economic and
cultural characteristics of places , found that urban concentrations
agisent of the most unhealthy environments , conflict and disorder.
Culturalist and progressive planners, influenced by the medical and
social discourse , develop projects utopian cities of healthy cities and
“fair” , which became a reference for the reformers of the nineteenth
century. Another evidence is that epidemics do not take into account
political boundaries and social classes , prompting the organization of
international conferences on sanitation and facing the protetion of the
individual against the disease, and the assurance of freedom of
international trade.
Key words: City, Public Health, Medical Topography , contagious Theories and miasma
RESUME
Tout
au long du XIXe siècle , les théories médicales neohipocráticas
concernant lesmaladies localisée dans le milieu naturel ainsi
qu’artificiel, ont influence des normes de comportement et
d’organisation des villes. Les traités de santé publique , qui ont guidé
la législation et les pratiques administratives , ont suscité la
médicalisation de l’espace et de la société. Les Topographies Médicales ,
des enquêtes sur les caractéristiques physiques , sociales ,
économiques et culturels des lieux , ont constaté que les concentrations
urbaines s’agisent des environnements les plus malsains , des conflits
et de la désordre. Culturalistes et progressistes planificateurs ,
influencés par le discours médical et social, élaborent des projets de
villes utopiques, de villes salubres et “équitable” , qui sont devenues
une référence pour les réformateurs du XIXe siècle. Une autre evidence
c’est que les épidémies n’ont pas pris en compte les frontières
politiques et les classes sociales , suscitant l’organisation de
conférences internationales sur l’hygiène publique et tournées
vers la protetion de l’individu contre les maladies, ainsi que
l’assurance de la liberté du commerce international.
Mots-clés: Ville, Hygiène publique, Topographies médicales, Théories contagieuse et du miasme.
DOI:
Keywords
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant MERCATOR the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to sign additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Free Access).
- Authors are responsible for the content of the manuscript published in the journal.



