EVOLUÇÃO DA DESERTIFICAÇÃO NO CARIRI PARAIBANO A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DAS MODIFICAÇÕES NA VEGETAÇÃO
Resumo
A desertificação é um tipo de degradação que ocorre nas áreas
secas do mundo, em virtude de mudanças climáticas e principalmente
devido ao tipo de uso que se dá às terras nas regiões sujeitas a esse
processo. Tomando por base o processo histórico de ocupação e
povoamento, a análise qualitativa da vegetação através de
bio-indicadores (diversidade, densidade e estratos) e o uso de técnicas
de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento em imagens de satélite, foi
efetuado o mapeamento da desertificação na região do Cariri paraibano.
Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que, atualmente (2005/2006), a
área atingida por esse processo, em todos os níveis analisados
(Moderado, Grave e Muito Grave), corresponde a 77,4% de toda a região;
de 1989 a 2005/2006, houve um aumento de 14,6% em relação a esse tipo de
degradação; no período analisado, o maior crescimento da desertificação
ocorreu no Cariri Ocidental; as áreas onde o processo de desertificação
está mais acentuado e concentrado localizam-se nas terras próximas das
maiores bacias hidrográficas da região (Paraíba e Taperoá), devido a
presença de várzeas expressivas que favoreceram o processo de ocupação
que vem se desenvolvendo a séculos no Cariri.
Palavras-chave: Desertificação. Cariris Velhos. Mapeamento.
The evolution of the desertification process in Cariri region of Paraíba
based on the analysis of the vegetation modifications
Desertification is a kind of degradation which happens in the driest areas worldwide, due to climate changing and, principally, to the way people use the land where this process appears. Based on the historical process of occupation and populating, the qualitative analysis of vegetation through bio-indicators (diversity, density and extracts) and the use of remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in satellite images, the desertification mapping in Cariri region in Paraiba was done. The results showed that, nowadays (2005/2006) in all analyzed levels (Moderate, Grave and Very Grave), the area affected by this process corresponds to 77,4% of the whole region; from 1989 to 2005/2006, there was an increase of 14,6% in relation to this kind of degradation; during the analyzed period, the greatest growth of desertification happened in Western Cariri; the areas, where the desertification process is more serious and concentrated, are lands near to the biggest watersheds (Paraiba and Taperoá Rivers), due to the presence of expressive dales which favored the occupation process that has been developing in Cariri for centuries.
Key words: Desertification. Old Cariris. Mapping.
Palavras-chave: Desertificação. Cariris Velhos. Mapeamento.
The evolution of the desertification process in Cariri region of Paraíba
based on the analysis of the vegetation modifications
Desertification is a kind of degradation which happens in the driest areas worldwide, due to climate changing and, principally, to the way people use the land where this process appears. Based on the historical process of occupation and populating, the qualitative analysis of vegetation through bio-indicators (diversity, density and extracts) and the use of remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in satellite images, the desertification mapping in Cariri region in Paraiba was done. The results showed that, nowadays (2005/2006) in all analyzed levels (Moderate, Grave and Very Grave), the area affected by this process corresponds to 77,4% of the whole region; from 1989 to 2005/2006, there was an increase of 14,6% in relation to this kind of degradation; during the analyzed period, the greatest growth of desertification happened in Western Cariri; the areas, where the desertification process is more serious and concentrated, are lands near to the biggest watersheds (Paraiba and Taperoá Rivers), due to the presence of expressive dales which favored the occupation process that has been developing in Cariri for centuries.
Key words: Desertification. Old Cariris. Mapping.
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