PRIMÓRDIOS DA REDE URBANA CEARENSE (the earliest prime of the urban system formation in Ceará)
Abstract
O texto analisa os primórdios da formação da rede urbana cearense durante o século XVIII, destacando o papel do Estado Português e dos agentes locais envolvidos com a pecuária; que por sua vez deu sentido econômico à ocupação do território. Expulsas do litoral açucareiro nordestino, pela necessidade cada vez maior de terra para o plantio da cana de açúcar, o gado alcançou a Capitania cearense no final do século XVII através das estradas das boiadas. Em pontos estratégicos das estradas trilhas pelos vaqueiros, os portugueses fundaram as vilas do Ceará. Na escala regional, no início do século XIX, a Capitania estava totalmente interligada. Estes caminhos também levavam à Bahia, ao extremo oeste do território brasileiro e ao litoral nordestino brasileiro. A despeito, porém, de o território encontrar-se inteiramente interligado, o abastecimento da Capitania por uma produção interna de comestíveis era bastante rudimentar em decorrência da pequena produtividade e das grandes distancias entre as vilas.
Palavras-chave: Rede Urbana, Ceará, nordeste brasileiro.
ABSTRACT
The
text analyses the origin of the urban system formation in Ceará during
the XVIII century, emphasizing the role of the Portuguese State and of
its local agents involved with cattle raising, which gave an economic
meaning to the territory occupation. Sent off from the sugar litoral of
the Brazilian Northeast, due to the increasing necessity of soil in
order to plant sugar cane, the cattle reached the captaincy of Ceará at
the end of the XVII Century through the cattle roads. In strategic
points of these roads, the Portuguese founded the villages of Ceará. In
the regional scale, in the beginning of the XIX Century, the captaincy
was completely interconnected. These roads also led to Bahia, located in
the extreme west of Brazil, in the Northeastern coastline. However,
although the territory was completely interconnected, the supply of the
captaincy by an internal production of food was very rudimental because
of the small productivity and of the huge distance between the villages.
Key words: Ceará, Urban system, brazilian northeast
RÉSUMÉ
Le
texte analyse les origines de la formation du reseau urbain de Ceará
pendant le XVIII siècle, en relevant le rôle de l’État portuguais e des
agents locaux liés à l’élevage du bétail, activité qui a donné le
support économique à l’occupation du territoire. Ce bétail a
étteignit la Capitanie de Ceará a travers les routes de troupeau de
boeuf à la fin du XVII siècle, aprés avoir eté chassé du litoral, ou il
manquait de terrain pour la plantation de canne à sucre. En points
stratégiques de ces routes, parcourrues par les vachers bouviers, les
portuguais ont fondé les premières villes de Ceará. Sur le pont de vue
de l’échelle regional, la Capitanie était completement interliée, au
début du XIX siècle. Ces routes iraient aussi jusqu’à Bahia, à l’extreme
ouest du térritoire brésilien et au litoral du nord-est. Malgré ces
liaisons, l’approvisionement de la Capitanie, fait par la production
interne des comestibles, était réalisé d’une façon très rudimentaire, en
raison de la basse productivité e des grandes distances entre les
villes.
Mots-clés: Ceará, reseau urbain , nord-est brésilien
DOI: 10.4215/RM2009.0816.0006
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