Agricultura y Alimentación en el México Prehispánico y siglo XVI/Agriculture and Food in Pre-Hispanic Mexico and the 16th Century.
Resumo
El inicio de la agricultura en el Continente Americano inició en lo que actualmente se conoce como México. A partir de la gran diversidad geográfica fueron surgiendo diferentes productos y una especialización en su siembra y cuidados, a fin de obtener el mejor rendimiento de los mismos. Fue necesario conocer el clima, las calidades de la tierra y el tiempo a fin de establecer los ciclos agrícolas que dieron como resiltado una gran variedad de plantas que representaron la base de la alimentación de los pueblos mesoamericanos.
La llamada Conquista de México trajo consigo nuevos métodos agrícolas, herramientas, animales de tiro y carga y, por supuesto, una gran cantidad de plantas que muy pronto se adaptaron a la geografía de la Nueva España.
ABSTRACT
The emergence of
agriculture in Mexico was a factor of great relevance, which allowed the
development of Mesoamerican cultures more than three thousand years of
history. The geographical location of the different ethnic groups that
inhabited this region allowed the cultivation of a wide variety of
plants, such as corn, beans, pumpkin and chili, basic products in the
Mesoamerican diet, as well as other products were developed according to
the geographic characteristics and climatological, such as cocoa, from
which chocolate is obtained, and even vanilla, being appreciated all
over the world. Those original products were mixed with those brought by
Europeans in the sixteenth century and this gave rise to Mexican
cuisine, which in 2010 was declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO).
Key words: Mesoamerican cultures, Mexican gastronomy, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.7147/GEO25.17805
Apontamentos
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ISSN: 2175-3709 (versão eletrônica)
ISSN: 1518-2002 (versão impressa)
DOI: 10.7147/GEO00.0000
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