MINERAÇÃO E CAMPESINATO NO MUNICÍPIO DE JURUTI (PA) (.mining and peasantry in the city of Juruti/PA, Brazil).
Abstract
Enfocamos um capítulo da questão agrária na Amazônia,
caracterizado por disputas territoriais entre empresa mineradora e
campesinato no município de Juruti(PA). Neste lugar, pela primeira vez
na história dos grandes projetos na Amazônia, o campesinato, sobretudo
ribeirinhos, lavradores e extrativistas, apoiados pela ação missionária
da igreja, pela Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), pelo sindicato de
trabalhadores rurais, por lideranças comunitárias e partidárias se
organizaram, construíram entidade representativa de seus interesses,
protestaram contra um empreendimento minero-metalúrgico e conseguiram a
titulação coletiva de suas terras, o direito sobre um percentual do
lucro da lavra da bauxita, bem como de usá-lo diretamente. Levantamos
dados secundários, que subsidiaram nossa análise da situação geográfica
em foco, a partir de revisão bibliográfica e consulta a sites. As
informações e dados primários foram coletados e sistematizados através
de trabalho de campo, onde pudemos colocar “a terra do lugar debaixo das
unhas” e assim descrever os processos que pesquisamos. Na primeira
parte do texto mostramos as condições e possibilidades que permitiram a
atividade mineradora em Juruti. Na segunda parte analisamos as disputas
territoriais entre ALCOA(Aluminium Company of America) e os
camponeses, organizados na ACORJUVE(Associação Comunitária da Região da
Gleba Juruti Velho). Depois apresentamos algumas considerações finais,
sem a preocupação de concluir a análise.
Palavras-chave: Território, Camponeses, Disputas, Mineração, Juruti.
ABSTRACT
We
focus on a chapter of the agrarian issue in the Amazon, characterized
by territorial disputes between a mining company and the smallholders in
the city of Juruti (PA). Here, for the first time in the history of
large-scale projects in the Amazon, smallholders, especially riparian
farmers and extractivists, supported by outreach from the Catholic
Church’sPastoral Land Commission (CPT), the rural workers’ union, and
political and community leaders, organized and built a coalition
representing their interests and protested against a mining project. The
coalition collectively managed supporters’ land rights, their right to a
percentage of profits from the mining of bauxite, as well as using it
directly. We raise secondary data, which supported our analysis of
geographical focus, from literature review and consultation sites. The
information and primary data were collected and systematized through
field work, where, as the Brazilian saying goes, we put “the dirt of the
place under our fingernails” and thus describe the processes surveyed.
In the first part of the paper we describe the conditions and
possibilities that allowed the mining activities in Juruti. In the
second part we analyze the territorial disputes between ALCOA (Aluminium
Company of America) and the smallholders, organized in ACORJUVE
(Community Association of the Gleba Old Juruti Region). Then we present
some final considerations, without the worry of completing the analysis.
Key words: Territory, Peasants, Disputes, Mining, Juruti.
RÉSUMÉ
Ce
texte prend en compte la question agraire en Amazonie, en particulier
les disputes territoriales entre les entreprises d’exploitation minerai
et les paysans dans le municipe de Juruti, Pará. Dans cet endroit, à la
première fois dans l’histoire des grands projets en Amazonie, la
paysannerie représenté par les riverains, agriculteurs et ce qui vivent
de la récolte de produits de la forêt, soutenus par l’action
missionnaire des églises, par la Commission Pastorale de la Terre (CPT),
par le Syndicat de Travailleurs Ruraux, par des leaders communautaires
et partisans se sont organisé, ils ont construit une association
représentative de leurs intérêts, ils ont protesté contre l’installation
des entreprises d’exploitation minerai et ils ont réussît avoir le
document officiel de la possession collective de leurs terres, le droit
sur un pourcentage des revenus de l’exploitation de la bauxite, ainsi
que le droit d’usage de ce minerai. Nous avons pris des données
secondaires qui ont soutenu l’analyse de la concentration géographique,
la révision de la littérature et de sites de consultation. Les
informations et les données primaires ont été recueillies et
systématisées par le travail de terrain, où nous avons mis «la terre de
la place sous les ongles» et ainsi décrire les processus étudiés. Dans
la première partie de ce texte on démontre les conditions et des
possibilités qui ont permit l’activité minerai à Juruti. Dans la
deuxième partie, on analyse les disputes territoriales entre l‘ALCOA
(Compagnie d’Aluminium d’Amérique) et les paysans organisés dans
l’ACORJUVE (L’Association communautaire de la région de la Glèbe Juruti
Vieille). En suite on présente des considérations finales, sans avoir la
prétention de conclure l’analyse.
Mots-clés: Territoire, Paysans, Disputes (conflits), Exploitation minerai, Juruti.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2012.1126.0006
Keywords
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