POR UMA CIÊNCIA DOS RISCOS E VULNERABILIDADES NA GEOGRAFIA (a science of the risks and vulnerabilities to geography)
Abstract
A humanidade passou nos últimos 50 anos por
intensas mudanças na sua estrutura social, econômica, cultural e
ambiental. A principal marca evolutiva de nossa sociedade é o amplo
processo de urbanização. Essa ebulição cultural e espacial incitou uma
série de ansiedades, medos, inseguranças. Ulrich Beck denominou a
sociedade pós-moderna de a “sociedade do risco”, dada a generalização de
riscos diversos, perigos, vulnerabilidades, exposições, incertezas,
inseguranças e medos, que são elementos típicos da sociedade atual, que é
também urbana, complexa e caracterizada pelas múltiplas espacialidades.
O principal objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma discussão
teórico-conceitual sobre a noção de risco e de vulnerabilidade e,
notadamente, o estabelecimento de uma Geografia dos riscos e das
vulnerabilidades sociais e ambientais, com ênfase no ambiente das
cidades. Para isso, fez-se uma análise de alguns dos principais
referenciais teórico-metodológicos sobre a ciência dos riscos e
vulnerabilidades, contribuindo com alternativas de operacionalização
desses conceitos.
Palavras-chave: Risco, Vulnerabilidade, Geografia, Urbanização, Pós-Modernidade.
ABSTRACT
The
humanity passed in last the 50 years for intense changes in its social,
economic, cultural and environmental structure. The main evolutive mark
of our society is the ample process of urbanization. This cultural and
space boiling has stirred up a series of anxieties, fears,
unreliabilities. Ulrich Beck called after modern a “risk society”, given
the generalization of diverse risks, hazards, vulnerabilities,
expositions, uncertainties, unreliabilities and fears, which are typical
elements of the current society, that is also urban, complex and
characterized by the multiple spaceability. The main purpose of this
article is to contribute for a theoretician-conceptual quarrel on the
vulnerability and risk notion and, mainly, the establishment of a
Geography of the risks and of the social and environmental
vulnerabilities, with emphasis on the environment of the cities. For
this, we carried out an analysis of some of the main theoretical and
methodological references on the science of the risks and
vulnerabilities, contributing with alternatives of operacionalization of
these concepts.
Key words: Vulnerability, Geography, Urbanization, After Modernity.
RÉSUMÉ
L’humanité
est passée dans les dernière 50 années par d’intenses changements dans
sa structure sociale, économique, culturelle et environnementale. La
principale marque évolutive de notre société est l’ample processus
d’urbanisation. Cette ébullition culturelle et spatiale a incité une
série d’anxiétés, de peurs, d’insécurités. Ulrich Beck a qualifié la
société postmoderne de “société de risque”, étant donnée la
généralisation de risques divers, dangers, vulnérabilités, expositions,
incertitudes, insécurités et peurs, qui sont des éléments typiques de la
société actuelle, laquelle est aussi urbaine, complexe et caractérisée
par multiples spacialités. Le principal objectif de cet article est de
contribuer à une discussion théorique et conceptuelle sur la notion de
risque et de vulnérabilité et, principalement, à l’établissement d’une
Géographie des risques et des vulnérabilités sociales et
environnementales, avec un accent sur l’environnement des villes. Pour
cela, il est proposé une analyse de certains des principaux référentiels
théoriques et méthodologiques de la science des risques et des
vulnérabilités, en contribuant à des alternatives de mise en oeuvre de
ces concepts.
Mots clés: Risque, Vulnérabilité, Géographie, Urbanisation, Postmodernité.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2011.1023.0007
Keywords
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