INDICADORES DO MEIO FÍSICO E OS PROCESSOS EROSIVOS DA TRILHA NOROESTE - PARQUE ESTADUAL DO PICO DO MARUMBI, MORRETES – PR
Resumo
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivos identificar e analisar a
inter-relação entre alguns indicadores do meio físico e os processos
erosivos mais atuantes em um segmento da Trilha Noroeste no Parque
Estadual Pico do Marumbi, localizado no município de Morretes – PR. A
pesquisa constitui-se em realizar o levantamento de campo de indicadores
do meio físico que são compostos por alguns elementos da paisagem e
alguns experimentos. Dentre os elementos da paisagem verificaram-se
declividade, a área da seção transversal da trilha, coletas de solo
(propriedades físicas do solo) e índice de cobertura vegetal. No que diz
respeito aos experimentos, foram quantificados o índice de
pluviosidade, o escoamento superficial e sedimentação, a erosão por
salpicamento, a taxa de infiltração, a estimativa de perda de solo e a
compactação do solo. A utilização desses indicadores, não segue apenas
um procedimento metodológico, mas sim adaptações de diferentes
procedimentos, entre eles os utilizados por Bertoni; Lombardi (1993);
Cole (1991); Morgan (1996) e Magro (1999). Além disso, utilizou-se o
método experimental Ross (2005). A utilização de diferentes
procedimentos metodológicos demonstrou-se satisfatória, pois, por meio
dos indicadores do meio físico propostos, verificou-se a real atuação
dos processos erosivos junto à trilha, sendo que os indicadores foram
preponderantes à análise. Conclui-se que a concentração de fluxo hídrico
na trilha e a declividade são as principais causas da erosão, que podem
ser amenizadas com algumas medidas de manejo, entre elas a dissipação
do volume da enxurrada canalizada no interior da trilha, através da
construção de pequenos canais e terraços ao longo de sua extensão, e a
cobertura do solo exposto da trilha com serrapilheira, que favorecerá
algumas propriedades físicas do solo, obtendo-se logo menor degradação.
Palavras chaves: Erosão do solo. Trilha de montanha. Indicadores do meio físico.
Physical environment indicators of erosive processes of the noroeste trail -
Pico do Marumbi State Park, Morretes – PR
This research aims to identify and analyse the relationships between some physical environmental indicators of erosive processes in a segment of the Noroeste Trail at Marumbi State Park, within the municipality at Morretes – PR. The research performs the field survey of physical environmental indicators composed by both landscape elements experimental surveys. Among the landscape elements, the slope, the trail transversal area, soil properties, and vegetal cover were analyzed. Regarding the experimental data the rainfall, depth surface runoff and sediment transport, sprinkler erosion, infiltration, soil loss and soil compacting were quantified. The use of these indicators not only follows standard methodological proceedings, but also some adaptations of the proceedings, used by Bertoni and Lombardi (1993); Cole (1991); Morgan (1996) and Magro (1999). The experimental method proposed Ross (2005) has also been used. The use of different methods has been satisfactory because it allows to estimate the real situation of the erosive process at the trail by means of the physical environment indicators. They have been very useful to the analysis at the erosion. In conclusion, the concentration of the runoff on the trail and the slope are the main causes of erosion. Some control measures may reduce the erosion process. One of these is to dissipate the runoff energy on the trail by building diversion channels and terraces along the trail extension. Another measure is to cover the ground with litterfall which may improve some physical properties of the soil and diminish the degradation processes.
Key words: Soil erosion. Mountain trail. Physical environment indicators.
Palavras chaves: Erosão do solo. Trilha de montanha. Indicadores do meio físico.
Physical environment indicators of erosive processes of the noroeste trail -
Pico do Marumbi State Park, Morretes – PR
This research aims to identify and analyse the relationships between some physical environmental indicators of erosive processes in a segment of the Noroeste Trail at Marumbi State Park, within the municipality at Morretes – PR. The research performs the field survey of physical environmental indicators composed by both landscape elements experimental surveys. Among the landscape elements, the slope, the trail transversal area, soil properties, and vegetal cover were analyzed. Regarding the experimental data the rainfall, depth surface runoff and sediment transport, sprinkler erosion, infiltration, soil loss and soil compacting were quantified. The use of these indicators not only follows standard methodological proceedings, but also some adaptations of the proceedings, used by Bertoni and Lombardi (1993); Cole (1991); Morgan (1996) and Magro (1999). The experimental method proposed Ross (2005) has also been used. The use of different methods has been satisfactory because it allows to estimate the real situation of the erosive process at the trail by means of the physical environment indicators. They have been very useful to the analysis at the erosion. In conclusion, the concentration of the runoff on the trail and the slope are the main causes of erosion. Some control measures may reduce the erosion process. One of these is to dissipate the runoff energy on the trail by building diversion channels and terraces along the trail extension. Another measure is to cover the ground with litterfall which may improve some physical properties of the soil and diminish the degradation processes.
Key words: Soil erosion. Mountain trail. Physical environment indicators.
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